Movement Foundations Module 3

What is the key difference between a muscle's origin and its insertion?

The origin is always closer to the head; the insertion is always closer to the feet The origin attaches to bone; the insertion attaches to another muscle The origin is traditionally described as the more fixed attachment point, with the insertion moving toward it during contraction There is no functional difference between the two

What is a sarcomere?

The outermost layer of connective tissue wrapping an entire muscle The repeating unit of actin and myosin filaments, the basic functional unit of muscle contraction A type of muscle fibre found only in cardiac tissue The tendon connecting muscle to bone

According to the sliding filament theory, what actually causes a muscle to shorten?

Myosin filaments physically shrink in length Myosin filaments pull the actin filaments closer together, shortening the sarcomere Actin filaments dissolve during contraction The sarcomere fills with fluid, causing it to swell

Standing up out of a squat, the quadriceps shorten as they contract. What type of contraction is this?

Isometric Eccentric Isokinetic Concentric

Which of the following correctly describes one of the four properties of muscle tissue?

Extensibility is a muscle’s ability to shorten and generate force Elasticity is a muscle’s ability to return to its resting length once tension is released Contractility is a muscle’s ability to respond to a nerve signal Excitability is a muscle’s ability to lengthen under an outside force

What is DOMS, and what is it associated with?

A sign of serious muscle injury requiring immediate referral A type of muscle contraction A condition exclusive to older adults Delayed onset muscle soreness, associated with unfamiliar or demanding exercise, particularly eccentric loading, and linked to exercise-induced microtrauma and the body's response to it

What is the Valsalva effect?

A reflex that causes a muscle to relax under high tension A term for muscle fatigue following exercise The process by which muscles recruit motor units Holding the breath and bearing down against a closed airway during heavy exertion, which can affect blood pressure and cardiovascular strain

What roles do the muscle spindle and Golgi tendon organ each play?

The muscle spindle detects changes in muscle length; the Golgi tendon organ detects tension within the tendon Both detect only pain, not movement The muscle spindle detects tension; the Golgi tendon organ detects length Neither plays a role in proprioception

As effort increases, how does the nervous system typically recruit motor units?

Smaller motor units are recruited first, with larger units added progressively as more force is needed Motor units are recruited randomly, regardless of size Only the largest motor units are ever recruited Motor unit size has no bearing on recruitment order

Why are the hip bones considered part of the appendicular skeleton?

Because they form part of the vertebral column Because the left and right sides move independently Because the pelvic girdle connects the lower limbs to the axial skeleton Because they do not articulate with the sacrum

Which term describes turning the sole of the foot inward?

Inversion Retraction Eversion Depression

Muscle Function and Movement Anatomy

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