Movement Foundations Module 4

How many chambers does the heart have, and what are they called?

Two chambers, both called atria Three chambers, one atrium and two ventricles Four chambers, two atria and two ventricles Four chambers, all called ventricles

What is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure?

Systolic is measured while the heart is relaxed; diastolic while it contracts They measure the same thing Systolic is the higher number, measured during contraction; diastolic is the lower number, measured while the heart is relaxed between beats Diastolic pressure is always higher than systolic

A client has diagnosed hypertension. What does this module say about teaching them?

It is not automatically contraindicated, but it calls for closer attention, and some presentations may call for referral They should never be permitted to exercise They should always be referred immediately regardless of presentation Hypertension has no relevance to teaching decisions

What is the difference between breathing and respiration?

They mean exactly the same thing Breathing only happens during exercise Breathing is the physical movement of air in and out of the lungs; respiration is the broader exchange of gases Respiration refers only to exhalation

Which muscles are recruited specifically for forced inhalation, beyond the diaphragm and intercostals?

The hamstrings and glutes The scalenes, pectoralis minor, and sternocleidomastoid The quadriceps The erector spinae only

What is vital capacity?

The maximum amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a maximum inhalation The air left in the lungs after exhalation The resting breathing rate The volume of the trachea

What is a hormone?

A type of nerve cell A type of muscle fibre A structure found only in bone A chemical messenger that travels through the bloodstream to act on tissues elsewhere in the body

What do insulin and glucagon do, and how do they relate to each other?

Both raise blood sugar Neither is produced by the pancreas They perform an identical function Insulin helps cells take in glucose and lowers blood sugar; glucagon signals the release of stored glucose and raises it, the two working in opposition

Which gland produces adrenaline and noradrenaline, and what response do they initiate?

The thyroid; the relaxation response The adrenal glands; the sympathetic, fight or flight response The pancreas; digestion The pineal gland; sleep regulation

Why can the aerobic system sustain effort for much longer than the other two systems?

It doesn't actually produce usable energy It uses oxygen-dependent pathways to generate large amounts of ATP from carbohydrates and fats, making it highly efficient for sustained lower to moderate intensity work It only activates during sleep It bypasses the need for ATP entirely

What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism?

Catabolism breaks down nutrients to release energy; anabolism uses that energy to build and repair tissue They are the same process Catabolism only occurs during sleep Anabolism breaks down muscle tissue

What happens to motor unit synchronisation and proprioception with consistent training, over the long term?

Both decline as skill develops Only proprioception is trainable Neither is affected by training Both improve, supporting more coordinated contraction and better spatial and body awareness

Body Systems and Energy

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