Movement Foundations Module 7

Which two cervical vertebrae are specialised to allow head rotation, and what structure acts as the pivot point?

C6 and C7, pivoting through the spinous process The atlas (C1) and axis (C2), pivoting through the odontoid process T1 and T2, pivoting through the transverse process The sacrum and coccyx, pivoting through the sacral canal

Why does the lumbar spine allow flexion and extension well but very little rotation?

The lumbar spine has no facet joints The lumbar vertebrae are fused together The lumbar facet joints are oriented more in the sagittal plane, which limits rotation The lumbar spine lacks intervertebral discs

Which muscle is described as one of the most important spinal stabilisers, playing a central role in supporting posture, extension, and rotation?

Splenius capitis Rectus abdominis Iliocostalis Multifidus

What is quadratus lumborum’s role when working unilaterally, one side contracting alone?

Lateral flexion of the spine to that same side Flexion of the spine Rotation of the shoulder Extension of the hip

During single-leg standing, which quadratus lumborum contracts to stop the pelvis dropping on the lifted-leg side, and why?

The QL on the lifted-leg side, since it has no relevance to standing balance otherwise The QL on the standing-leg side, producing hip flexion on that leg Neither QL is involved, since it only functions when both feet are on the ground The QL on the standing-leg side, contracting to hold the pelvis level and prevent the hip from dropping on the lifted side

Which abdominal muscle sits deepest, wrapping horizontally around the torso and contributing to lumbopelvic stability?

Rectus abdominis External obliques Transverse abdominis Internal obliques

Working unilaterally, the right external oblique contributes to which movements?

Right lateral flexion and rotation of the trunk to the right Left lateral flexion and rotation of the trunk to the right Right lateral flexion and rotation of the trunk to the left No trunk movement, since external oblique only works bilaterally

Beyond breathing, what role does the diaphragm play in core stability?

It helps regulate intra-abdominal pressure It has no role beyond breathing It directly produces spinal rotation It replaces the need for pelvic floor function

In a prone chest lift (spinal extension), why can strong contraction of the abdominal muscles at the front actually work against the movement?

The abdominals have no role in a prone chest lift Extension is produced from the back, and strong anterior contraction pulls in the opposite direction The abdominals are physically incapable of contracting during extension Strong abdominal contraction always improves extension

What does doming during an abdominal curl generally indicate?

The client is doing the exercise incorrectly and should stop immediately The exercise is being performed too slowly The client has a structural injury requiring referral Visible midline deformation from intra-abdominal pressure and abdominal wall tension, suggesting load, breathing, position, or strategy may need adjusting

How does moving from tabletop into extended leg position change the demand on the abdominals during a curl-based exercise?

It lengthens the working lever, increasing the load the abdominals need to manage It has no effect on the working demand It reduces the demand, since the legs support more of the load It shifts all the work to the obliques exclusively

Why does core training that only moves through flexion leave part of the abdominal muscles’ job untrained?

Because flexion is the only movement the core is capable of Because the obliques are built for rotation and lateral flexion, and transverse abdominis stabilises across every plane, not flexion alone Because rectus abdominis cannot function unless rotation is added Because flexion-based work removes the need for the diaphragm

Trunk Anatomy

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