Movement Foundations Module 8

Why is the glenohumeral joint considered one of the most frequently injured joints in the body?

It has too much bony support, restricting natural movement It never moves, making it prone to stiffness It is not a true synovial joint Its shallow socket allows a large range of motion but offers little bony stability, relying heavily on surrounding soft tissue

Which joint is the only bony attachment connecting the upper limb to the axial skeleton?

The sternoclavicular joint The glenohumeral joint The acromioclavicular joint The scapulothoracic joint

What is levator scapulae’s primary role, and which muscle does it work alongside to perform it?

Depression of the scapula, alongside serratus anterior Internal rotation of the humerus, alongside subscapularis Protraction of the scapula, alongside pectoralis minor Elevation of the scapula, alongside the upper fibres of trapezius

What is pectoralis minor’s primary role, and what secondary function does it have?

Elevation of the scapula; no secondary function Retraction of the scapula; it assists digestion Protraction and downward rotation of the scapula; it also assists inhalation as an accessory breathing muscle Internal rotation of the humerus; it has no secondary function

Serratus anterior is sometimes called the “boxer’s muscle.” What is its primary function?

A powerful protractor and lateral rotator of the scapula Elbow flexion Retraction of the scapula Depression of the shoulder girdle

What role does the lower trapezius play during an overhead reach in a standing exercise, such as a lunge with arms reaching upward?

It has no role, since it only acts on the scapula in upper body specific exercises It replaces the need for serratus anterior entirely It solely produces elbow extension It contributes to scapular depression and upward rotation, helping coordinate the scapula as part of the trapezius and serratus anterior force couple

Teres major works closely with which other muscle, with adjacent insertions around the intertubercular groove and similar actions at the shoulder?

Biceps brachii, since both flex the elbow Deltoid, since both abduct the shoulder Latissimus dorsi, since both act on the shoulder and insert near each other on the humerus Subscapularis, since both are rotator cuff muscles

What is the primary collective role of the four rotator cuff muscles?

To produce powerful, large-range shoulder movements To stabilise the head of the humerus within the glenoid cavity, keeping the joint aligned during movement To replace the need for the deltoid entirely To move the scapula against the ribcage

Which rotator cuff muscle originates from the subscapular fossa on the front surface of the scapula and contributes internal rotation?

Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Subscapularis Teres minor

Biceps brachii has two heads. Where do the long and short heads originate?

Long head from the coracoid process; short head from the supraglenoid tubercle Long head from the supraglenoid tubercle; short head from the coracoid process Both heads originate from the same point on the humerus Both heads originate from the radius

People who spend substantial time in sustained forward-reaching positions, reaching forward, typing, driving, may benefit most from which training emphasis?

Stopping all chest training entirely Maintaining strength and movement capacity across both the anterior and posterior shoulder girdle musculature, rather than assuming posture alone indicates which muscles are weak Only training the chest, since posture reliably tells you which muscles need work Training only the back, since front chain muscles cannot be strengthened once shortened

What's a reasonable general approach to training pectoralis major as part of balanced upper body programming?

Continue training the chest as part of a programme that also gives meaningful attention to the muscles of the back and shoulder girdle Train pectoralis major only, since the back chain doesn't need proportional attention Stop training the chest entirely Only train the chest using maximum resistance

Upper Body Anatomy

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